ABSTRACT
Abstract Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) without obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is a medical condition of great relevance, with clinical characteristics of AMI, but without evidence of coronary artery obstruction. The mechanism involved in the pathophysiology of the disease and its possible etiologies are important objects of study due to their impact on the morbidity and mortality of affected patients. Objectives The aim of this study was to systematically review MINOCA and its characteristics, with emphasis on the clinical profile of patients, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the syndrome. Methods Relevant articles related to MINOCA were analyzed in the PubMed and LILACS databases. In the initial search stage, 619 eligible articles were obtained, with final inclusion criteria being: original systematic reviews with clinical, epidemiological, diagnostic, or treatment data on MINOCA, published in Portuguese or English, with an abstract, and a publication date limit of September 2020. Results A total of 10 articles classified as systematic reviews that considered clinical data on MINOCA were included in this review. Conclusion After analyzing various literature, the present study provided a tool to better understand MINOCA, not only regarding its casuistry but also in grouping parameters and information that contribute to a healthy approach to this clinical situation. It was possible to identify and better outline the clinical profile of patients who presented this condition and the use of appropriate tools for correct diagnosis and ideal treatment.
ABSTRACT
Objective: In the clinical scenario of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction, several patients with multivessel coronary atherosclerotic disease are discharged without a defined strategy to monitor the residual atherosclerotic lesions. The clinical endpoints evaluated were cardiovascular death, symptoms of angina pectoris, rehospitalization for a new acute coronary syndrome, and the necessity of reintervention during the two-year follow-up. Methods: This observational, prospective, and historical study included multivessel coronary atherosclerotic disease patients who were admitted to a tertiary care university hospital with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction and underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation only at the culprit lesion site; these patients were monitored in the outpatient clinic according to two treatments: the Clinical Group - CG (optimized pharmacological therapy associated with counseling for a healthy diet and cardiac rehabilitation) or the Intervention Group - IG (new staged percutaneous coronary intervention or surgical coronary artery bypass graft surgery combined with the previously prescribed treatment). Results: Of 143 patients consecutively admitted with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction, 57 were eligible for the study (CG=44 and IG=13). Regarding the clinical endpoints, the cardiovascular death rate did not differ between the CG and IG. The symptom of angina pectoris and the rehospitalization rate for a new episode of acute coronary syndrome were accentuated in the CG (P=0.020 and P=0.049, respectively) mainly in individuals with evidence of ischemia evidenced by myocardial scintigraphy (P<0.001 and P=0.001, respectively) which culminated in an even greater need for reintervention (P=0.001) in this subgroup of patients. Conclusion: The staged intervention was demonstrated to be safe and able to reduce angina pectoris and ...
Objetivo: No cenário do Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST, diversos pacientes com doença coronária aterosclerótica multiarterial recebem alta hospitalar sem estratégia definida para seguimento de coronariopatia residual. Avaliamos o desfecho composto por morte cardiovascular, sintoma de angina de peito, reinternação por nova síndrome coronária aguda ou necessidade de reintervenção no seguimento de dois anos. Métodos: Estudo observacional, prospectivo, histórico, incluindo portadores de doença coronária aterosclerótica multiarterial admitidos em serviço terciário universitário com Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST submetidos à intervenção coronária percutânea primária com implante de stent apenas na lesão culpada e conduzidos ambulatorialmente conforme duas terapêuticas: Grupo Clínico - GC (terapia farmacológica otimizada associada à orientação dietética saudável e reabilitação cardiovascular) ou Grupo Intervenção - GI (nova ICP estadiada ou revascularização miocárdica cirúrgica aliada ao tratamento previamente descrito). Resultados: De 143 pacientes consecutivamente admitidos com Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST, 57 foram elegíveis para o estudo (GC=44 e GI=13). Em relação aos desfechos, o GI não diferiu do GC quanto à taxa de óbito cardiovascular. O sintoma de angina de peito e a taxa de reinternação por novo episódio de síndrome coronária aguda destacam-se no GC (P=0,020 e P=0,049; respectivamente), principalmente nos indivíduos com evidência de isquemia à cintilografia miocárdica (P<0,001 e P=0,001; respectivamente) culminando, inclusive, ...